ngā whakaritenga:
1 16fr ×350mm
2 8fr ×450mm
3 10fr ×500mm

whakatakotoranga:te hinu whakahinuhinu/pīpī whakapiri o waho

ngā āhuatanga:Ka taea te waiho ngā rauemi raw tpu kawemai mō te whā wiki, whakaahuatanga X-ray, elasticity pai o te tinana ngongo, kore deformed takai

ētahi atu karere:
Ka whakamahia te ngongo whangai mō ngā kararehe e kore e taea te kai mā te mangai, e kore rānei e pai te kai, ā, kāore e taea e rātou te kai mā rātou anō nā te mate nui, kia whakamakuku i te kai mai i te kōhao ihu, ka taea rānei te waiho i te ngongo ā-waha i roto i te tinana mō ngā wiki
te tohu tauine mita, ka taea e te raina X-ray te mārama i te tūnga o te ngongo.

whakataki

i. te whakarewatanga o te hua

Ko te ngongo ngutu-ngutu e whangai ana i ngā kararehe iti he pūrere o te taumata hauora i hangaia hei āwhina i ngā kararehe iti ki te kai. ina uaua ngā kararehe ki te kai i a rātou anō i te mate, i muri i te whakahaeretanga, i te pakeke rānei, ka taea te tuku haumaru i ngā rongoā kai me ngā wai ki

II. rauemi me te hoahoa

- rauemi haumaru: silicone ngohengohe o te kāwai hauora, kāore i te waikawa, kāore hoki i te kino, e whakaiti ana i te riri o te ihu me te kōhungahunga o te kararehe.
- ngawari, ngenge hoki: he ngohengohe te kakano, he māmā ki te piko, ka whakaiti i te mamae i te wā e whakauru ana.
- ngā rahi maha: i runga anō i te rahi me ngā hiahia o ngā kararehe iti, he rerekē ngā whakaritenga e wātea ana hei whakarite i te pai o te hāngai.

III, te whakamahi i te wāhi

- te whakaora mate: he pai mō te mate mate, te kore kai rānei nā te mate.
-nga mahi whai muri i te mahi: āwhina mō te kore āhei poto ki te kai i muri i te mahi.
- ngā kararehe kararehe pakeke: hei tāpiritanga kai mō ngā kararehe kararehe pakeke.

iv. ngā aratohu mō te whakamahi

- tohutohu ngaio: kōrero ki tō tākuta kararehe i mua i te whakamahinga kia pai ai te mahi.
- horoi me te hauora: horoia āta, whakawātea hoki i mua, i muri hoki i te whakamahinga kia kore ai e pāngia.
- tāuru āta: tāuru āta kia kore ai e whara te kōhao ihu me te kōtiro.

v. ngā whakatūpato

- aroturuki i te urupare o te kararehe: kia whai whakaaro ki te tirotiro i te urupare o tō kararehe i muri i te whakamahi i te ngongo whangai ihu kia pai ai tōna noho.
- te tirotiro auau: tirohia te āhua o te ngongo kai ihu i te wā katoa, ā, whakakapi wawe mēnā ka kitea he kino, he kōpeke rānei.

Ko te ngongo nasogastric e whangai ana i nga kararehe iti he taputapu kai tino nui mo nga kararehe kararehe i roto i nga tikanga hauora motuhake, a ko te whakamahinga tika o te taputapu he taurangi nui mo te kai kai me te whakaora o nga kararehe.